Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil and effects on blood pressure ? A systematic reviewAuthor: Christine Hårdfelt och Liduina van SitterenSupervisor: Helen LindqvistExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 9th, 2014Background: High blood pressure is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. ALA-fatty acids have previously been associated with decreased blood pressure. Flaxseed oil is very rich in these fatty acids and has also been highlighted as an affordable and sustainable source.Objective: To investigate whether ALA-fatty acids from flaxseed oil may affect blood pressure in people with high risk for cardiovascular disease.Search strategy: Two searches in PubMed and Scopus were performed. The sample was specified by using specific keywords.Selection criteria: The criteria for inclusion of studies required that flaxseed oil was compared with a control and that blood pressure was measured as an endpoint.

AimThe aim of the present study was to study possible evidence for shock wave therapy on pain and function in patients with plantar fasciitis.Questions1. Does shock wave therapy reduce pain in patients with plantar fasciitis?2. Does shock wave therapy improve function in patients with plantar fasciitis?MethodA systematic review of the literature was performed in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Cinahl.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Cow?s milk and chronic constipation in children ? A systematic reviewAuthor: Sara Palm & Anna SvenssonSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 27, 2014Background: Chronic functional constipation is common among children. Up to a third of all who seek a paediatrician suffer from constipation and it is a widespread problem for children in many countries. Lately it has been discussed if cow?s milk can be a cause of the constipation and if it should be considered a delayed hypersensitivity.Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to examine whether there is scientific evidence to recommend a cow?s milk-free diet as a potential treatment in chronically constipated children.Search strategy: The literature searches were performed in the databases Pubmed, Scopus and the Cochrane library, using the search terms cow?s milk, constipation, milk proteins, dairy products, milk hypersensitivity, cow milk and cows milk between March 17th and April 4th 2014.Selection criteria: Randomized Controlled Trials measuring stool frequency in chronically constipated children on a cow?s milk-free diet were included.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionTitle: The effect of the glycemic index of breakfasts in energy intake inchildren and adolescentsAuthor: Charlotte Olofsson, Cornelia Johansson and Maria NordbeckSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 16, 2013Background: The glycemic index (GI) and it´s effect on energy intake is a debated subject.Research has been done whether food with lower GI decreases hunger and lowers energyintake, which could be an effective tool to prevent overweight in children and adolescents.Breakfast eating is successful for maintaining a healthy weight and it´s therefore interesting tosee if the quality of the carbohydrates matters.Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the effect of GI of breakfasts inchildren?s and adolescents energy intake.Search strategy: To find relevant articles, a systematic literature search was made in thedatabases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Search terms that were used were: breakfast,breakfast quality, children, glycemic index, energy intake, obesity.Selection criteria: Randomized Controlled Trials and cohort trials, breakfast eatingindividuals, children and adolescents under 18 years old, reported glycemic index. Outcomemeasurements: Energy intake.Data collection and analysis: Six original articles met the inclusion criteria and werereviewed by the SBU audit template for randomized and controlled studies. There after onearticle was excluded because of very low quality of the study.

Background: Sweden is a country where vitamin D deficiency seems to be common, partly because of its geographical position, which reduces the availability of UVB radiation, but also that people avoid sunlight due to increased skin cancer risk. Research shows that vitamin D plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases such as cancer as well as autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases.Vitamin D is a fat soluble pre-hormone and a collective name for closely related compounds which act as hormones after undergoing a transformation in the body.Humans can utilize vitamin D through diet and produce it in the body by exposing the skin to the sun. Previous observational studies and epidemiological studies have established a hypothesis that there seems to be an association between vitamin D supplementation and reduction of depressive symptoms.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if vitamin D supplements may decrease depressive symptoms.Methods: This work is organized as a literature review and article search is made in the database PubMed in January 2012. Keywords used were ?vitamin D and depression? and inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials, be conducted on humans, written in English.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Effects of isoflavone supplementation from soybeans on LDL-cholesterol levels in adultAuthors: Malin Blomgren Alegria and Ruut ReivaaraSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-08Background: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is due to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In Asia, hypercholesterolemia is less common than in the Western countries. In Asian countries, soy products are consumed in larger quantities than in the Western world, which has led to implemented research with the intention of examining soy's potential effect on cholesterol levels.Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence that isoflavone supplementation from soy bean may have a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol.Search strategy: The databases used for the systematic literature search were PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Keywords used were cholesterol and 9 versions of this, and isoflavones and 11 versions of that.Selection criteria: RCT articles, on humans, written in English, published from 2011 onwards, that focused on interventions with isoflavones from soybeans and its effect on blood cholesterol, the participants were over 18 years old and the study time was at least 24 weeks.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Can peppermint oil relieve the symptoms of IBS?A systematic reviewAuthor: Caroline Månsson and Linn RamströmSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2013___________________________________________________________________________Background: An estimated 7-10% of the world population suffers from Irritable BowelSyndrome (IBS), a disease that greatly affects the daily life and the quality of life of the afflicted.The total annual health care cost of IBS is around 1280 billion Swedish crowns. IBS ischaracterized by abdominal pain/discomfort in combination with diarrhoea, constipation, or acombination of these. The etiology is unknown but it is believed that there are several factors thatcome into play. The disease cannot be cured, but there are ways to alleviate the symptomsthrough a variety of medicinal preparations and dietary treatment.

Swedish agriculture has gone through big changes in the latest 60 years. The farm sizes have increased, which has led to raised tractor and machinery sizes and therefore increasing problems with soil compaction. A method to reduce these problems is to implement controlled traffic farming, CTF. All field operations are then concentrated to specific tracks by using GPS guidance. The aim of this work was to study how the tillage regime, with or without CTF, affects the soil, with the main focus on macroporosity. In Säby close to Uppsala, and Alnarp close to Malmö, randomized block trials has been carried out, and the data has mainly been taken from these trials.

Delirium är en vanlig och allvarlig komplikation hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus och är förenad med försämrad prognos och ökad dödlighet. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka om särskilda vårprogram har förebyggande och lindrande effekter vid akut delirium hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus, om det finns skillnader i effekt av vårdprogram mellan olika typer av personer och om någon del av ett vårdprogram kan vara mera betydelsefull än andra. Metoden utgick från en systematisk arbetsprocess enligt Goodmans sju steg. Nio kvantitativa interventionsstudier och två kvantitativa litteraturöversikter ingick i analysprocessen. Analysen visade att det finns ett starkt vetenskapligt stöd för att särskilda vårdprogram kan förebygga och lindra delirium och ett begränsat vetenskapligt underlag för att det finns skillnader i effekten av vårdprogram mellan personer med demens och andra personer som vårdas på sjukhus.

Delirium är en vanlig och allvarlig komplikation hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus och är förenad med försämrad prognos och ökad dödlighet. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka om särskilda vårprogram har förebyggande och lindrande effekter vid akut delirium hos äldre personer som vårdas på sjukhus, om det finns skillnader i effekt av vårdprogram mellan olika typer av personer och om någon del av ett vårdprogram kan vara mera betydelsefull än andra. Metoden utgick från en systematisk arbetsprocess enligt Goodmans sju steg. Nio kvantitativa interventionsstudier och två kvantitativa litteraturöversikter ingick i analysprocessen. Analysen visade att det finns ett starkt vetenskapligt stöd för att särskilda vårdprogram kan förebygga och lindra delirium och ett begränsat vetenskapligt underlag för att det finns skillnader i effekten av vårdprogram mellan personer med demens och andra personer som vårdas på sjukhus.

The purpose of my study is to examine how four teachers reflect on free play and controlled play in preschool. What are their reflects concerning free play, controlled play and children?s development and education. The main focus of this research is the experiences of the teachers and I compare their perspectives against each other regarding free and controlled play.To be able to realize this study, I propose the following questions:What kind of vision does the teacher have concerning free play and controlled play?According to the teacher, how does playing affect the children?Which development areas are affected by participating in the play?This is a qualitative study, based on interviews with four teachers from two different preschools.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Changes in blood pressure by replacing regular coffee with decaffeinated coffee,in healthy, normotensive subjectsAuthor: Linnéa Adolfsson and Hillevi Pilgren SautterSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 ECTSDate: April 12, 2012Background Hypertension is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, which is themost common cause of premature death. Contributing factors to hypertension are genetics,lifestyle and nutrition. Earlier studies have shown that coffee may increase blood pressure.Objective To investigate the scientific basis whether replacing regular coffee with decaffeinatedcoffee would affect blood pressure in healthy, normotensive subjects.Search strategy Searches have been done in databases; PubMed and Scopus in February 2012.Keywords used were: ?coffee blood pressure?, ?coffee cardiovascular disease?, ? kaffeblodtryck?, ?kaffe hjärtkärlsjukdom?, ?coffee and decaffeinated coffee?, ?decaffeinated coffeeand blood pressure?, ?decaffeinated coffee and cardiovascular disease? and ?exchangedecaffeinated coffee?.Selection criteria Studies with healthy, normotesive subjects, >15 years old, BMI < 30, morethan one week of intervention, randomized controlled trails and human trials were included.Only trials using caffeine from coffee versus decaffeinated coffee and studies in English andSwedish were accepted. Exclusion criteria were other interventions such as weight loss, changesin diet, medications or stress tests.Data collection and analysis Studies were selected after inclusion and exclusion criteria.

A growing problem in Swedish herbicide free agriculture, the Canadian thistle has been the object of several new trials, seeking methods for non-chemical weed control. The new trials have mainly confirmed earlier experiences; that the most successful methods of control are springtime ploughing, repeated cutting and competition from a stout crop. Row hoeing has also been proven effective. As opposed to earlier recommendations, half season fallow has shown to be a risky and often ineffective method of control. Trials regarding biological methods have shown that above others thistle rust (Puccinia punctiformis) may have the potential of controlling Canadian thistle the future. .

A controlled recording in a studio is the basis of all voice treatment. However, this controlled way of recording voice patients' voices can be questioned. The voice use may be different in a natural environment. In children noise related voice problems are investigated in a study about voice and its development (BUG ? Child voice and noise).

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Oral intake of green tea and its effect on the appearance of UV-induced erythema, erythema solare ? A systematic literature reviewAuthors: Ernita Antoni Mulliqi and Pernilla GustafssonSupervisor: Sofia KlingbergExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietetics programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 10, 2013Background: UV irradiation of the skin can cause erythema, clinically called erythema solare. The condition can exert pain as well as discomfort and may in the long term lead to negative effects including skin cancer. Green tea contains catechins which are substances with anti-inflammatory effect that may have positive effects on the skin. The intake of green tea is believed to have a protective effect against UV irradiation, since green tea extracts in lotions in previous studies have shown to increase the skin tolerance level against UV irradiation.Objective: To examine the scientific basis and determine whether an oral intake of green tea has a protective effect against UV-induced erythema.Search strategy: Searches in the scientific databases PubMed and Scopus were made to find suitable articles.